Follow-up - Untold & Deliberately Concealed Disastrous Hazards & Side Effects of Dopamine Antagonist / Antipsychotics / Neuroleptics

Please refer to the follows -


Dopamine Antagonist

Dopamine Antagonist   - Most antipsychotics  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipsychotic are dopamine antagonists,.....  prolonged / unregulated / incautious / uninformed / uninhibited intakes / usages of such medications may endanger its users to the eventually-inevitable disastrous medicational side effects (due to the unavoidably gradual accumulations of dopamine receptors blocking agents  - dopamine antagonist chemicals time over time in their bodies)


of Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapyramidal_symptoms associated with typical antipsychotics:


Early stage – occurs at onset of treatment or following increased dose, patients recover when dose is decreased


Acute dystonia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystonia - muscle spasms and sustained abnormal postures and onset occurs within a few days; can be treated with anticholinergics
risk factors include age, gender and family history


Akathisia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akathisia - pacing and restlessness and onset occurs within the first few months; 


Neuroleptic malignant syndrome -  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroleptic_malignant_syndrome a rare but life-threatening reaction that can occur in response to neuroleptic or antipsychotic medications - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipsychotic.


Symptoms include high fever - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperpyrexia ,confusion, rigid muscles, variable blood pressure, sweating, and fast heart rate.


Complications may include rhabdomyolysis - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhabdomyolysis, high blood potassium - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperkalemia , kidney failure - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_failure or seizures - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizure


Any medications within the family of neuroleptics can cause the condition, though typical antipsychotics - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typical_antipsychotic appear to have a higher risk than atypicals - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_antipsychotic ,specifically first generation antipsychotics like haloperidol.


Onset is often within a few weeks of starting the medication but can occur at any time.Risk factors include dehydration, agitation - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychomotor_agitation , and catatonia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catatonia .


Rapidly decreasing the use of levodopa - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levodopa or other dopamine agonists - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_agonist ,such as pramipexole - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pramipexole ,may also trigger the condition.


The underlying mechanism involves blockage of dopamine receptors - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_receptor . Diagnosis is based on symptoms.


Related illustration of the worst-case disastrous scenarios mentioned above


as excerpted from : Other Ugly Truths About Cost-cutting Policy of The Public Psychiatric Medical Facility