Well, CTD, denial is once again rearing it's head.
An outright lie. Recombination is not mutation, not random, and it is absolutely a design feature of life.
Which would be easy to demonstrate with actual evidence if you had any.
Here's only one of the many logical problem you are faced with: recombination can cause one set of genes to switch with another during meiosis, and in the process produce 1 out of 4 possible sex cells, all with an equal probability of being incorporated into a new organism (very small). Thus your designed recombination can result in absolutely no effect on the organism being produced, because it was not one involved in actual reproduction. Now you may call a random probability that is less than flipping a coin "design", but then you would be just fooling yourself eh?
And you are still not addressing the fact that we are talking about skin cell reproduction, which occurs by mitosis, the same method of reproduction of bacterial cells.
So your "outrage" (whether feigned or not) is irrelevant and just another attempt at distraction from the issue: skin cells reproduce like bacterial cells.
There are at least 3 other forms of recombination. My memory's not the best, but ...
Really? You do know that you can google a topic or use wikipedia to refresh those aging gray cells, yes?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_recombinationGenetic recombination is the process by which a strand of genetic material (usually DNA; but can also be RNA) is broken and then joined to a different DNA molecule. In eukaryotes recombination commonly occurs during meiosis as chromosomal crossover between paired chromosomes. This process leads to offspring having different combinations of genes from their parents and can produce new chimeric alleles. In evolutionary biology this shuffling of genes is thought to have many advantages, including that of allowing sexually reproducing organisms to avoid Muller's ratchet.
In molecular biology "recombination" can also refer to artificial and deliberate recombination of disparate pieces of DNA, often from different organisms, creating what is called recombinant DNA.
Enzymes called recombinases catalyze natural recombination reactions. RecA, the recombinase found in E. coli, is responsible for the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). In yeast and other eukaryotic organisms there are two recombinases required for repairing DSBs. The RAD51 protein is required for mitotic and meiotic recombination and the DMC1 protein is specific to meiotic recombination.
That's a total of 3, with one being artificial, one being cross-over during sexual reproduction, and the last being rare cases of mitotic recombination:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitotic_recombinationMitotic crossover is a rare type of genetic recombination that may occur in some types of somatic cells during mitosis. Mitotic crossover may occur in organisms that do not have a cycle of sexual reproduction where chromosomal crossover would normally occur during meiosis to generate genetic variation. It can only occur in diploid cells and a pair of chromosomes is required for the crossover to occur.
The mitotic crossover results in the production of homozygous allele combinations in all heterozygous genes that are located on that chromosome arm distal to the crossover. Thus when a mitotic crossover occurs, genes that were previously recessive are expressed creating a new phenotype.
Mitotic crossover is known to occur in some asexually reproducing fungi and in normal human cells, where the event may allow normally recessive cancer-causing genes to be expressed and thus predispose the individual to the development of cancer.
Even this kind of recombination does not occur all kinds of cells. In all cases, however, it is a form of mutation, change, to the DNA of an organism.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MutationIn biology, mutations are changes to the nucleotide sequence of the genetic material of an organism. Mutations can be caused by copying errors in the genetic material during cell division, by exposure to ultraviolet or ionizing radiation, chemical mutagens, or viruses, or can occur deliberately under cellular control during processes such as hypermutation. In multicellular organisms, mutations can be subdivided into germ line mutations, which can be passed on to descendants, and somatic mutations, which are not transmitted to descendants in animals.
Notice the reference to somatic cells here and in the previous section.
Thus the only time recombination is passed on to descendents is when it occurs in sex cell reproduction in sexual species during meiosis. It is, of course, possible that I overstated the case, but the fact remains: recombination is one type of genetic mutation, and no amount of howling on your part will change that simple fact.
No you can't. And you wouldn't do it honestly if you could.
Actually it has been done, many times, in the process of doing normal lab experiments in biology. The fact that you cannot accept this reality is not the fault of the facts, but of your cognitive dissonance.
For instance,
Richard Lenski of Michigan State University is doing it:
Twenty years ago, evolutionary biologist Richard Lenski of Michigan State University in East Lansing, US, took a single Escherichia coli bacterium and used its descendants to found 12 laboratory populations.
The 12 have been growing ever since, gradually accumulating mutations and evolving for more than 44,000 generations, while Lenski watches what happens.
This experiment demonstrates two beneficial mutations measured and counted in 31,500 generations. Of course, given that the first one was neutral until the second made it beneficial, it is entirely possible that many mutations are missed in the counting and measuring, but that does not change the fact that we can count and measure mutations that fall across the spectrum from beneficial to deleterious.
LOL! The evolutionists have been trying to fool folks into thinking the white blood cells mutate and evolve for some time now.
Curiously, I know from personal experience that you are absolutely wrong. I am a survivor of
Lymphoma, a cancer where your white blood cells mutate and became cancerous and - if ignored - will kill you. You, on the other hand, are foolish and ignorant if you think that your obviously ill-informed opinion means squat about reality.
Still, they're not integrated at the same level as an organ. But I'll leave that one for folks to figure out.
Which they can do by looking at the evidence of other colonial life forms that I listed and which you have conveniently ignored.
Curiously, the fact that you ignore
Siphonophores and
Chondrophores does not make them go away nor force them to behave in uncoordinated ways that don't resemble organs. And they are not alone.
Actions always speak louder than words,...
So your constant avoiding of issues and your almost inevitable failure to confront the evidence that contradicts your arguments shouts that you have no real response to the objective evidence of reality.
The reason they survive is that they're resistant. The reason the others die is because they're poisoned. Poisoning a rat isn't 'natural selection' either, and your paintbrush can't make it so. Killing any lifeform in a lab is 'artificial selection', or in plain English, killing.
Yet, curiously, you can take a parent population, generate offspring from it (whether rats or mice or bacteria is irrelevant) and subject the parent population to your "poison" and kill every last one. Then repeat the same with the offspring population/s, and you will find that a mutation occurs that allows the organism to survive. Maybe not the first generation, maybe not the second, but eventually.
This is just like Richard Lenski's (above), or
Barry Hall's (and
many other) experiments where an ability arises in a daughter generation that did not exist in the parent population.
And who'd bother killing all these bacteria if they didn't already know some were probably going to survive?
Because that is how science is done, CTD, hypothesis are
tested against reality. It is what makes it different from opinion based on faith and mythology.
Enjoy.
