No, we do not get snow that stays all winter here believe it or not. Even the highest peaks around here which are over a mile and a quarter high, do not get snow that stays all winter. Because the earth is warm and because the heat of the sun melts it. It's rare for it to stay all winter anyway, at any measurable depth. But it starts snowing quite early in late October or mid-November. It's not for lack of snowfall. you get a few warm sunny days, it melts, it snows again etc etc. ony the ski resorts have snow all winter because they are always making snow.

And yes, the earth feels warm to me in winter. that is how my flower bulbs survive year to year after all. If the earth they are buried 5-6 iches down into were to get too cold, like permafrost, they would die. There's even a method to grow tropical trees of a good size outdoors in climates like this, you uproot them halfway, and lean them over, and bury them with dirt. the earth will keep them from freezing. Kind of a pain, a lot of work but it;s a keeping up with the jones' sort of thing. Pretty much how I protect my early tomatoes from a late feeze too, I bury them halfway. There are actually hot springs about 40 miles north of us. And we get earth quakes too. real mountains with shifting plates and thermal vents to allow the pressure of the heat of the earth's interior as the plates move and melt to escape, like most mountains anywhere.

Any place (ANY PLACE) where it feezes in winter has unfrozen earth at some below the top surface, some just a bit deeper than other places depending on the season. that is how prarie dogs even survive the harsh winters of North Dakota. they burrow down and live in little caves that stay about 50 degrees warm all winter. Because the earth is warm. even if the sun doesn;t shine all winter their caves will stay warm. Partly from body heat, partly from the earth's heat.

but most caves stay rasonably warm, even natural ones, water does not freeze in them...some are quite warm.. there are deep mines in south america, high up on mountains that get really hot as you go deeper down into them for instance.

Glaciers are always wet on the bottom for the same reason, they melt. Partly from the earth's warmth and partly from the heat generated from the friction of motion. I don't have to explain why glaciers sitting in the sea are always melting from the bottom upwards i hope. Anyway the lakes under the glaciers of antarctica are pretty self explanatory. Antarctica is mostly just a big block of ice sitting on the warm earth.



Why do I need evidence that it is conjecture? Scientists themselves admit that. No one needs to post proof for something that has no real proof except the statement of 'it's an educated guess' to back itself up. It's my educated guess that the mountains are not that old, due to the presence, still, of sea fossils on their tops. They would have eroded long long ago if the mountains were that old. simply from the force of the wind and rain. You yourself have claimed that the grand canyon was formed by erosion, how does that justify MT Everest's age or the millions upon millions of years ages of mountains in antarctica? Should'nt they all be one big grand canyon by now using your same logic? shouldn't there be Grand Canyon's everywhere?



maybe something else causes them to have similar features. maybe it's just pressure causing less oxygen to be present in places etc. maybe it's CO2 seeping UP from the ground and settling in the mud in certain ways. Difficlut to say Linda, it's all just an educated guess at some point. You should get more of an education. because the more you know, the more you realize you don't know. You are both only working with a very small number of available possibilities to make the great big assumptions you make. You obviously are not aware of other possibilities.

and yes btw, thermal energy is actively working under every single glacier on earth, to some extent or another, and because glaciers move that alone causes enough friction to cause bottom melting too you know. I hope by now you are well convinced now that volcanoes and thermal vents and glaciers can co-exist side by side, sort of. at least that is some progress. just takes lots of snow (some of which is generated by thermal vents in antarctica btw) and a very cold atmsophere. Of course if the volcanoes really get going like is happening in antarctica it appears, it might be bye bye glacier. the ring of fire started getting pretty active 15, maybe a full 25 years ago already.

it'll be an interesting decade.

You should even really investigate what happens to all that fresh ice water as it melts from the bottom of glaciers in or near the sea.